Sowohl der Käufer als auch der Verkäufer können ona'ah beanspruchen. So wie ein Nicht-Händler Ona'ah beanspruchen kann, kann auch ein Händler. R. Yehudah sagt: Ein Kaufmann kann keine Ona'ah beanspruchen. [Denn er ist Experte (in Waren) und es kann vermutet werden, dass er auf jede Ona'ah verzichtet hat. Dass er es (in erster Linie) zu diesem Preis verkauft hat, liegt daran, dass (die Gelegenheit für) einen weiteren Verkauf entstanden ist und er nun zurücktreten möchte. Die Halacha stimmt nicht mit R. Yehudah überein.] Wer Ona'ah beansprucht, hat die Oberhand. Wenn er [der Verkäufer] es wünscht, kann er ihm sagen: "Gib mir mein Geld" oder "Gib mir den Betrag, den er hat".
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
אין אונאה לתגר – because is an expert and without further qualification pardons him, and this that he sold, because it happened by chance another sale. And now, it had been established to retract. Bu the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
Both the buyer and the seller are subject to the law of fraud. Either the buyer or the seller may claim that they were defrauded. The buyer may claim that the seller overcharged and the seller may claim that the buyer underpaid.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
מי שהוטל עליו ידו על העליונה – he who was defrauded.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
Just as the ordinary person is subject to the law of fraud so too is the merchant. Rabbi Judah said: “The law of fraud does not apply to the merchant.” According to the first opinion, the laws of fraud apply to everyone. According to Rabbi Judah the law of fraud does not apply to a merchant. Since a merchant should know the value of the products which he sells, he is not allowed to later claim that the buyer underpaid.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia
תן לי מעותי – if the purchaser had been defrauded. And our Mishnah is according to Rabbi Yehuda the Prince. But the Halakha is not according to him, but rather if overcharging is one-sixth, he purchased and returns the overcharged [amount]. If it is greater than one-sixth, the purchase is nullified.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
He who has been subjected to [fraud] has the upper hand: if he wants he may say to him, “Give me back my money or give me back the amount you defrauded me.” The person who has been defrauded, either the seller if the buyer underpaid, or the buyer if the seller overcharged, can decide between one of two options. The first option is to annul the sale. The second option is to return the amount of the fraud to the one defrauded. In other, words if the buyer underpaid he would pay the remaining amount to the seller. If the seller overcharged he would return the amount of the overcharge to the buyer. In this case the sale would remain valid.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia
Questions for Further Thought: Mishnah four, section two: Why, according to the first opinion, does the law of fraud apply even to the merchant?
